Latest News

The interaction with light weakens the superconducting ground state in classical superconductors. The situation in cuprate superconductors is more complicated: illumination increases the charge carrier density, a photo-induced effect that persists below room temperature. Furthermore, systematic investigations in underdoped YBa₂Cu₃O_6+x (YBCO) have shown an enhanced critical temperature T_c. Until now, studies of photo-persistent conductivity (PPC) have been limited to investigations of structural and transport properties, as well as the onset of superconductivity.

Plasma chemistry and scattering strongly affect the congruent, elemental transfer during pulsed laser deposition of target metal species in an oxygen atmosphere. Studying the plasma properties of La_0.6Sr_0.4MnO₃, we demonstrate for as grown La_0.6Sr_0.4MnO_3-δ films that a congruent transfer of metallic species is achieved in two pressure windows: ∼10⁻³ mbar and ∼2 × 10⁻¹ mbar.

The need for reducing the operating temperature of solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) imposed by cost reduction has pushed significant progress in fundamental understanding of the individual components, as well as materials innovation and device engineering. Proton-conducting oxides have emerged as potential alternative electrolyte materials to oxygen-ion conducting oxides for operation at low and intermediate temperatures.

Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we show that the recently discovered surface state on SrTiO₃ consists of nondegenerate t_2g states with different dimensional characters.

EuTiO₃, which is a G-type antiferromagnet below T_N = 5.5 K, has some fascinating properties at high temperatures, suggesting that macroscopically hidden dynamically fluctuating weak magnetism exists at high temperatures. This conjecture is substantiated by magnetic field dependent magnetization measurements, which exhibit pronounced anomalies below 200 K becoming more distinctive with increasing magnetic field strength. Additional results from muon spin rotation experiments provide evidence for weak fluctuating bulk magnetism induced by spin-lattice coupling which is strongly supported in increasing magnetic field.

Partially amorphous La_0.6Sr_0.4CoO_3-δ (LSC) thin-film cathodes are fabricated using pulsed laser deposition and are integrated in free-standing micro-solid oxide fuel cells (micro-SOFC) with a 3YSZ electrolyte and a Pt anode. A low degree of crystallinity of the LSC layers is achieved by taking advantage of the miniaturization of the cells, which permits low-temperature operation (300–450 °C).

The temperature dependence of the gapped triplet excitations (triplons) in the 2D Shastry-Sutherland quantum magnet SrCu₂(BO₃)₂ is studied by means of inelastic neutron scattering. The excitation amplitude rapidly decreases as a function of temperature, while the integrated spectral weight can be explained by an isolated dimer model up to 10 K.

Large negative oxygen-isotope (¹⁶O and ¹⁸O) effects (OIEs) on the static spin-stripe-ordering temperature T_so and the magnetic volume fraction V_m were observed in La_2−xBa_xCuO₄(x=1/8) by means of muon-spin-rotation experiments. The corresponding OIE exponents were found to be α_Tso=-0.57(6) and α_Vm=-0.71(9), which are sign reversed to α_TC=0.46(6) measured for the superconducting transition temperature T_c. This indicates that the electron-lattice interaction is involved in the stripe formation and plays an important role in the competition between bulk superconductivity and static stripe order in the cuprates.

Topological Kondo insulators have been proposed as a new class of topological insulators in which non-trivial surface states reside in the bulk Kondo band gap at low temperature due to strong spin–orbit coupling. In contrast to other three-dimensional topological insulators, a topological Kondo insulator is truly bulk insulating. Furthermore, strong electron correlations are present in the system, which may interact with the novel topological phase. By applying spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, here we show that the surface states of SmB6 are spin polarized. The spin is locked to the crystal momentum, fulfilling time reversal and crystal symmetries.

Using the small angle neutron scattering (SANS) technique we investigated the vortex lattice (VL) in the mixed state of the stannide superconductor Yb₃Rh₄Sn₁₃. We find a single domain VL of slightly distorted hexagonal geometry for field strengths between 350 and 18 500 G and temperatures between T=0.05 and 6.5 K. We observe a clear in-plane rotation of the VL for different magnetic field directions relative to the crystallographic axes.

Neutron inelastic scattering has been used to probe the spin dynamics of the quantum (S=1/2) ferromagnet on the pyrochlore lattice Lu₂V₂O₇. Well-defined spin waves are observed at all energies and wave vectors, allowing us to determine the parameters of the Hamiltonian of the system.

Low-temperature deformation of body-centered cubic metals shows a significant amount of plastic slip on planes with low shear stresses, a phenomenon called anomalous slip. Despite progress in atomistic modeling of the consequences of complex stress states on dislocation mobility, the phenomenon of anomalous slip remained elusive. Using in situ Laue microdiffraction and discrete dislocation dynamics in micrometer sized tungsten single crystals, we demonstrate the occurrence of significant anomalous slip. It occurs as a consequence of cross kinks, topological configurations generated by prior dislocation interactions.

The ability to start up at sub-zero Celsius temperatures is a prerequisite for the use of fuel cells in automotive applications, but specific measures need to be taken to prevent the product water to freeze and block the gas supply pathways. In this context, a method for imaging the distribution of liquid water and ice from neutron imaging experiments was developed.

A 10 MeV/c positive muon beam was stopped in helium gas of a few mbar in a magnetic field of 5T. The muon 'swarm' has been efficiently compressed from a length of 16cm down to a few mm along the magnetic field axis (longitudinal compression) using electrostatic fields. The simulation reproduces the low energy interactions of slow muons in helium gas. Phase space compression occurs on the order of microseconds, compatible with the muon lifetime of 2μs. This paves the way for the preparation of a high- quality low-energy muon beam, with an increase in phase space density relative to a standard surface muon beam of 10⁷. The achievable phase space compression by using only the longitudinal stage presented here is of the order of 10⁴.

Transverse-field muon-spin rotation (μSR) experiments were performed on a single crystal sample of the noncentrosymmetric system MnSi. The observed angular dependence of the muon precession frequencies matches perfectly the one of the Mn-dipolar fields acting on the muons stopping at a 4a position of the crystallographic structure. The data provide a precise determination of the magnetic dipolar tensor. In addition, we have calculated the shape of the field distribution expected below the magnetic transition temperature T_C at the 4a muon site when no external magnetic field is applied.

We investigate the structural and magnetic properties of two molecule-based magnets synthesized from the same starting components. Their different structural motifs promote contrasting exchange pathways and consequently lead to markedly different magnetic ground states. Through examination of their structural and magnetic properties we show that [Cu(pyz)(H₂O)(gly)₂](ClO₄)₂ may be considered a quasi-one- dimensional quantum Heisenberg antiferromagnet whereas the related compound [Cu(pyz)(gly)](ClO₄), which is formed from dimers of antiferromagnetically interacting Cu²⁺ spins, remains disordered down to at least 0.03 K in zero field but shows a field-temperature phase diagram reminiscent of that seen in materials showing a Bose-Einstein condensation of magnons.

Magnetic properties and spin dynamics have been studied for the structurally ordered double perovskite Sr₂CoOsO₆. Neutron diffraction, muon-spin relaxation, and ac-susceptibility measurements reveal two antiferromagnetic (AFM) phases on cooling from room temperature down to 2 K. In the first AFM phase, with transition temperature T_N1=108K, cobalt (3d⁷, S=3/2) and osmium (5d², S=1) moments fluctuate dynamically, while their average effective moments undergo long-range order. In the second AFM phase below T_N2=67K, cobalt moments first become frozen and induce a noncollinear spin-canted AFM state, while dynamically fluctuating osmium moments are later frozen into a randomly canted state at T≈5K.

A quantum critical point (QCP) is a singularity in the phase diagram arising due to quantum mechanical fluctuations. The exotic properties of some of the most enigmatic physical systems, including unconventional metals and superconductors, quantum magnets, and ultracold atomic condensates, have been related to the importance of the critical quantum and thermal fluctuations near such a point.

We demonstrate the existence of the spin-nematic interactions in an easy-plane type antiferromagnet Ba₂CoGe₂O₇ by exploring the magnetic anisotropy and spin dynamics. The combination of neutron scattering and magnetic susceptibility measurements reveals that the origin of the in-plane anisotropy is an antiferro-type interaction of the spin-nematic operator. The relation between the nematic operator and the electric polarization in the ligand symmetry of this compound is presented. The introduction of the spin-nematic interaction is useful to understand the physics of spin and electric dipole in multiferroic compounds.

The true oxidation state of formally ‘H?^-’ ions incorporated in an oxide host is frequently discussed in connection with chemical shifts of ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, as they can exhibit values typically attributed to H⁺. Here we systematically investigate the link between geometrical structure and chemical shift of H^- ?ions in an oxide host, mayenite, with a combination of experimental and ab initio approaches, in an attempt to resolve this issue.

High-temperature superconductivity appears as a consequence of doping charge carriers into an undoped parent compound exhibiting antiferromagnetic order; therefore, ground-state properties of the parent compound are highly relevant to the superconducting state. On the basis of this logic, spin fluctuations have been considered as the origin of pairing of the superconducting electrons in the cuprates.

Studying the magnetization of individual iron (Fe) nanoparticles by magnetic spectromicroscopy reveals that superparamagnetic (SPM) and ferromagnetic blocked (FM) nanoparticles can coexist in the investigated size range of 8-20 nm.

The origin of the pseudogap and its relationship with superconductivity in the cuprates remains vague. In particular, the interplay between the pseudogap and magnetism is mysterious. Recent low-temperature angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) experiments on the underdoped cuprate superconductors indicate the presence of a fully gapped Fermi surface (FS); even in the antiferromagnetic phase.

The quantum spin-liquid compound (C₄H₁₂N₂)Cu₂Cl₆ is studied by muon spin relaxation under hydrostatic pressures up to 23.6 kbar. At low temperatures, pressure-induced incommensurate magnetic order is detected beyond a quantum critical point at P_c ∼ 4.3 kbar. An additional phase transition to a different ordered phase is observed at P₁ ∼ 13.4 kbar. The data indicate that the high-pressure phase may be a commensurate one. The established (P-T) phase diagram reveals the corresponding pressure-induced multicritical point at P₁, T₁ = 2.0 K.

We investigate 'hot' regions with anomalous high field dissipation in bulk niobium superconducting radio frequency cavities for particle accelerators by using low energy muon spin rotation (LE-μSR) on corresponding cavity cutouts. We demonstrate that superconducting properties at the hot region are well described by the non-local Pippard/BCS model for niobium in the clean limit with a London penetration depth λ_L=23+/-2 nm . In contrast, a cutout sample from the 120C baked cavity shows a much larger λ>100nm and a depth dependent mean free path, likely due to gradient in vacancy concentration. We suggest that these vacancies can efficiently trap hydrogen and hence prevent the formation of hydrides responsible for rf losses in hot regions.

Phase inhomogeneity of otherwise chemically homogenous electronic systems is an essential ingredient leading to fascinating functional properties, such as high-T_c superconductivity in cuprates, colossal magnetoresistance in manganites and giant electrostriction in relaxors. In these materials distinct phases compete and can coexist owing to intertwined ordered parameters. Charge degrees of freedom play a fundamental role, although phase-separated ground states have been envisioned theoretically also for pure spin systems with geometrical frustration that serves as a source of phase competition.

The Meissner effect has been directly demonstrated by depth-resolved muon spin rotation measurements in high-quality thin films of the T'-structured cup rate, T'-La_1.9Y_0.1CuO₄, to confirm bulk superconductivity (T_c ≈ 21 K) in its undoped state. The gradual expelling of an external magnetic field is observed over a depth range of ∼ 100 nm in films with a thickness of 275(15) nm, from which the penetration depth is deduced to be 466(22) nm. Based on this result, we argue that the true ground state of the “parent” compound of the n-type cuprates is not a Mott insulator but a strongly correlated metal with colossal sensitivity to apical oxygen impurities.