Center for Operando Spectroscopy Studies
With its large research facilities, such as a synchrotron, an X-ray free electron laser and a neutron spallation source, the Paul Scherrer Institut is the Swiss hub for operando and in situ studies of energy materials. Significant auxillary infrastructure (for example reaction cells, mass spectrometers, GCs, etc.) and expertise has been built up that allows studying materials undergoing reaction coupled simultaneously when possible with monitoring its activity or selectivity. This information is crucial to extract information on the active site or the deactivation mechanism. The Center for Operando Spectroscopy Studies (COSS) operates and has expertise in a variety of operando and in situ techniques including XAS, XES, IR, XPS, UV-vis and Raman spectroscopies, as well as XRD and SAXS).