Transition énergétique

Abandon de l’énergie nucléaire, développement de l’énergie solaire et éolienne, production d’énergie à partir de la biomasse, réduction de la consommation d’énergie. D’ici 2050, la Suisse doit atteindre la neutralité climatique. Un objectif ambitieux, rendu plus urgent que jamais par une situation géopolitique de plus en plus difficile. Comment faire pour mettre en place ces prochaines années un approvisionnement énergétique durable et résistant pour la Suisse? Comment les énergies renouvelables peuvent-elles être utilisées de manière optimale? Quelles sont les nouvelles technologies les plus prometteuses? Au PSI, des chercheurs s’efforcent de trouver des réponses à ces questions décisives.

Coherent structural dynamics of a prototypical Charge-Density-Wave-to-Metal transition

In so called charge-density-wave compounds, the peculiar shape of the Fermi surface as well as electron-phonon coupling lead to a low-temperature broken symmetry ground state. This state is characterized by a modulation of the charge density (hence the name) and, via electron-phonon coupling, a distortion of the equilibrium lattice positions.

Origin of Anomalous Slip in Tungsten

Low-temperature deformation of body-centered cubic metals shows a significant amount of plastic slip on planes with low shear stresses, a phenomenon called anomalous slip. Despite progress in atomistic modeling of the consequences of complex stress states on dislocation mobility, the phenomenon of anomalous slip remained elusive. Using in situ Laue microdiffraction and discrete dislocation dynamics in micrometer sized tungsten single crystals, we demonstrate the occurrence of significant anomalous slip. It occurs as a consequence of cross kinks, topological configurations generated by prior dislocation interactions.

Identification of transitions between liquid water and ice with dual spectrum neutron imaging

The ability to start up at sub-zero Celsius temperatures is a prerequisite for the use of fuel cells in automotive applications, but specific measures need to be taken to prevent the product water to freeze and block the gas supply pathways. In this context, a method for imaging the distribution of liquid water and ice from neutron imaging experiments was developed.

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13th International Conference on Muon Spin Rotation, Relaxation and Resonance (μSR2014)

The 13th International Conference on Muon Spin Rotation Relaxation and Resonance (μSR2014), organized by our Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy in collaboration with the University of Zürich and the University of Fribourg, closed on June 6th in Grindelwald.

CTF-2 gun (left), new PSI Gun (middle) and Energy-spectrum of its first electron beam (right).

First beam from the SwissFEL electron gun

The new 3 GHz photocathode gun will provide the electron bunches for SwissFEL and has recently been installed in the SwissFEL injector test facility. There, it replaced the CTF2-gun 5, borrowed from CERN. The new gun is capable now of operation with 100Hz repetition frequency and a higher field on cathode and improved field symmetry. After RF conditioning of about 4 days, the gun reached the nominal acceleration gradient of 100 MV/m at an input power of about 17 MW and pulse-width of 1 microsecond.

Muon Cooling: Longitudinal Compression

A 10 MeV/c positive muon beam was stopped in helium gas of a few mbar in a magnetic field of 5T. The muon 'swarm' has been efficiently compressed from a length of 16cm down to a few mm along the magnetic field axis (longitudinal compression) using electrostatic fields. The simulation reproduces the low energy interactions of slow muons in helium gas. Phase space compression occurs on the order of microseconds, compatible with the muon lifetime of 2μs. This paves the way for the preparation of a high- quality low-energy muon beam, with an increase in phase space density relative to a standard surface muon beam of 107. The achievable phase space compression by using only the longitudinal stage presented here is of the order of 104.

Understanding the μSR spectra of MnSi without magnetic polarons

Transverse-field muon-spin rotation (μSR) experiments were performed on a single crystal sample of the noncentrosymmetric system MnSi. The observed angular dependence of the muon precession frequencies matches perfectly the one of the Mn-dipolar fields acting on the muons stopping at a 4a position of the crystallographic structure. The data provide a precise determination of the magnetic dipolar tensor. In addition, we have calculated the shape of the field distribution expected below the magnetic transition temperature TC at the 4a muon site when no external magnetic field is applied.

Controlling Magnetic Order and Quantum Disorder in Molecule-Based Magnets

We investigate the structural and magnetic properties of two molecule-based magnets synthesized from the same starting components. Their different structural motifs promote contrasting exchange pathways and consequently lead to markedly different magnetic ground states. Through examination of their structural and magnetic properties we show that [Cu(pyz)(H2O)(gly)2](ClO4)2 may be considered a quasi-one- dimensional quantum Heisenberg antiferromagnet whereas the related compound [Cu(pyz)(gly)](ClO4), which is formed from dimers of antiferromagnetically interacting Cu2+ spins, remains disordered down to at least 0.03 K in zero field but shows a field-temperature phase diagram reminiscent of that seen in materials showing a Bose-Einstein condensation of magnons.

Lattice-Site-Specific Spin Dynamics in Double Perovskite Sr2CoOsO6

Magnetic properties and spin dynamics have been studied for the structurally ordered double perovskite Sr2CoOsO6. Neutron diffraction, muon-spin relaxation, and ac-susceptibility measurements reveal two antiferromagnetic (AFM) phases on cooling from room temperature down to 2 K. In the first AFM phase, with transition temperature TN1=108K, cobalt (3d7, S=3/2) and osmium (5d2, S=1) moments fluctuate dynamically, while their average effective moments undergo long-range order. In the second AFM phase below TN2=67K, cobalt moments first become frozen and induce a noncollinear spin-canted AFM state, while dynamically fluctuating osmium moments are later frozen into a randomly canted state at T≈5K.

Chloroplast remodeling during state transitions in green algae

In oxygenic photosynthesis photochemical reactions occur in two different photosystems (PSs) and the light-energy conversion is regulated by balancing their activity. Such a power balance requires a sophisticated regulatory mechanism called state transitions, which involve reversible phosphorylation of the light-harvesting complex proteins (LHCIIs) to redistribute absorbed excitation energy between the two photosystems.

Quantum and classical criticality in a dimerised quantum antiferromagnet

A quantum critical point (QCP) is a singularity in the phase diagram arising due to quantum mechanical fluctuations. The exotic properties of some of the most enigmatic physical systems, including unconventional metals and superconductors, quantum magnets, and ultracold atomic condensates, have been related to the importance of the critical quantum and thermal fluctuations near such a point.